Fossil Urine

Elias, S. A. "Rodent middens." Plant Macrofossil Methods and Studies 2356 (2007): e2367.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/archaeological-treasures-hidden-rat-nests-180973544/

Betancourt, Julio L. "Advances in arid lands paleobiogeography: the rodent midden record in the Americas." (2004).

Van Devender, Thomas R., and Jim I. Mead. "Early Holocene and late Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles in Sonoran Desert packrat middens." Copeia (1978): 464-475.

Broughton, Michael Jack. New Directions for Packrat Midden Research: Developing Isotopic Records of Long-Term Paleoclimate Change From Amberat Deposits. MS thesis. The University of Utah, 2024. https://www.proquest.com/docview/3113465171?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses 

Mehringer, P. J., et al. "Comparison of late Holocene environments from woodrat middens and pollen: Diamond Craters, Oregon." Packrat middens: the last 40 (1990): 294-325. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=O6LwRn9O-KgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA229&dq=%22amberat%22&ots=Ulggy0saCd&sig=JGqqZYt3cZI_LloekMoU5j1I02U#v=onepage&q=%22amberat%22&f=false 

Lowenstein, J. M., W. N. Rainey, and J. L. Betancourt. "Immunospecific albumin in fossil pack rat, porcupine and hyrax urine." Naturwissenschaften 78 (1991): 26-27.

Smith, Aaron D., et al. "Recovery and analysis of ancient beetle DNA from subfossil packrat middens using high-throughput sequencing." Scientific Reports 11.1 (2021): 12635.

MEAD, JIM I. "Quaternary records of pika, Ochotona, in North America." Boreas 16.2 (1987): 165-171.

Hesse, A., H‐J. Steffes, and C. Graf. "Pathogenetic factors of urinary stone formation in animals." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 80.1‐5 (1998): 108-119.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1439-0396.1998.tb00511.x?casa_token=JihCjDv6YMwAAAAA:1unUpYa0ZFJgU3QneB4g_Zpje-AB9FS70BVc4GkzfZ7zcgc00fkOl

Abell, J. T., Quade, J., Duru, G., Mentzer, S. M., Stiner, M. C., Uzdurum, M., & Özbaşaran, M. (2019). Urine salts elucidate early Neolithic animal management at Aşıklı Höyük, Turkey. Science Advances, 5(4), eaaw0038.